תוצאת חיפוש

רקע: הטיפול במגנזיום סולפט במשלב עם תרופות נוגדות יתר לחץ דם ברעלת היריון (פרהאקלמפסיה) הוא שכיח.

מטרת המחקר: מטרתנו הייתה לבחון את השפעת מגנזיום סולפט ולבטלול על תגובתיות של כלי הדם של השליה, בעקבות הזרקה של אנגיוטסין II.

שיטות מחקר: המחקר בוצע במודל הזילוח של קוטילדון מבודד. שליות נאספו מהריונות תקינים. הקוטילדונים שנבחרו עברו צנטור וזילוח דואלי. המרווח האינטרווילוסי עבר זילוח למשך 60 דקות בשלושה פרוטוקולי הזלפה: מגנזיום-סולפט (7 מ"ג/ד"ל), מגנזיום סולפט (7 מ"ג/ד"ל) במשלב עם לבטלול (1×10^-5 מילימול/ל') ותמיסת ביקורת ללא כל תרופה. לאחר הזלפה במשך 60 דקות, בוצעה הזרקה של אנגיוטסין II לעורק הכוריוני אשר גרם לתגובת התכווצות במדור העוברי. לחץ הזילוח נמדד לאורך כל שלב ההתכווצות וההרפיה.

תוצאות: בוצעו בסך הכול 20 ניסיונות – תשעה ניסיונות ביקורת, שבעה ניסיונות זילוח עם מגנזיום-סולפט (7 מ"ג/ד"ל), ארבעה ניסיונות זילוח עם תמיסה הכוללת מגנזיום סולפט (7 מ"ג/ד"ל) במשלב עם לבטלול (1×10^-5 מילימול/ל'). לחץ הזילוח הבזלי לא היה שונה משמעותית בין הקבוצות. השטח שמתחת לגל ההתכווצות (AUC), האמפליטודה של תגובת ההתכווצות ופקטור ההרפיה לא היו שונים משמעותית בהשוואה בין הקבוצות, בתגובה למתן אנגיוטנסין II.

מסקנות: למגנזיום סולפט וללבטלול אין השפעה על תגובתיות כלי הדם של השליה.

Treatment of Hypertension with Losartan

R. Zimlichman

Dept. of Medicine and Hypertension, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon

The efficacy, safety and side-effects of treatment with losartan (Ocsaar) was studied for the first time in Israel in a large group of patients with mild to moderate hypertension in several community clinics. The 421 patients (51% men) aged 30-86 years (mean 58.6) received 50 mg of losartan daily, increased when necessary to 100 mg, and/or a second antihypertensive drug was given. After 4 weeks blood pressure was normalized in 344 and after 12 weeks in 363. Side-effects were minimal and treatment was effective in all age groups.

Multiple Organ Damage due to Cholesterol Embolization

Ido Wolf, Meir Mouallem

Dept. of Medicine E, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Cholesterol crystal embolization can affect multiple organ systems and mimic other systemic diseases. We describe a 65-year-old woman who had renal failure, diarrhea, transient ischemic attacks and purple toes due to spontaneous cholesterol crystal embolization.

Multicenter Community-Based Trial of Amlodipine in Hypertension

C. Yosefy, J.R. Viskoper, Y. Leshem, Y. Rav-Hon, G.I. Rosenberg, E. Yaskil

(Representing the 39 Investigators of Project AML-IL-95-001, WHO Collaborative Center for Prevention of CV Diseases) Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba; Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon; Hypertension Clinic, Kupat Holim Afula; Statistics Consulting Unit, Haifa University; and Promedico Ltd., Petah Tikva

The safety and efficacy of Amlodipine (AML) for mild to moderate hypertension was evaluated in a "real life" setting. This open non-comparative trial included 123 men and 143 women (age 30-91 years, mean 59.4). All had sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 95 and 115 mmHg, confirmed in most by 2 baseline measurements, 2 weeks apart.

Eligible patients were given AML 5 mg daily as add-on or monotherapy and were evaluated 4 weeks later. If DBP was then >90 mmHg, the daily dose was raised to 10 mg; those with <90 mmHg remained on 5 mg. AML was continued for 8 weeks. Other BP-lowering drugs were unchanged.

Of the original 266 patients 22 (8.2%) withdrew due to adverse events (AE), and others were protocol violators, lost to follow-up or withdrew, leaving 211 available for efficacy analysis. In this major group BP was reduced from 165±15/101±4 to 139±11/83±5 after 12 weeks of AML (p<0.05). The reduction was greater in those under 70 years, from 173±12/100±5 to 142±12/80±4 (p<0.05). In those with BMI>30 kg/m², BP decreased from 165±15/101±5 to 140±12/83±5 (p<0.05).

Mean change in heart rate was -1.5 bpm (p<0.05). Mean final AML dose was 5.5 mg/day. The most common AML-related AE requiring cessation of the drug was pedal edema in 2.6% of the 266 patients; in 3.7% it persisted during therapy. Other AE occurring in >1% were dizziness in 1.8%, headache 1.5%, flushing 1.1% and fatigue 1.1%.

We conclude that AML is an effective and well-tolerated antihypertensive suitable for most hypertensive patients.

Accidental Severance of a Venous Catheter: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach

Harel Gilutz, Aharon Gavriel, Shmuel Yurfest

Cardiology, Heart and Lung, and Vascular Surgery Depts., Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

The most common invasive procedure performed in hospitals ithe insertion of a vascular access device. This procedure has the rare complication ofcatheter emboli. Accidental cutting of a peripheral catheter, the use of duplex ultrasound to locate the cut and the extraction of the catheter through a venesection is described. If peripheral extraction fails, percutaneous extraction or thoracotomy should be tried, in that order. The immediate precautions have an impact on the final results.

Mechanism of Primary Hypertension

Ludwig Kornel,* Arthur V. Prancan

Steroid Research Laboratory, Depts. of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, and Dept. of Pharmacology, Rush Medical Center, Chicago and *Endocrinology-Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, Kupat Holim Klalit, Jerusalem

We review various theories of the pathogenetic mechanisms of steroid-induced and essential hypertension. We investigated the possibility that a pathogenetic mechanism leading to glucocorticoid (GC)-induced hypertension or to mineralocorticoid (MC)-induced hypertension, or both, may be of critical importance in primary hypertension. We studied plasma levels of corticosterone (BK) and aldosterone (Aldo), and their concentrations in arterial and renal tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a model of primary hypertension, and in the antecedent strain WKY rats as a normotensive control. Plasma levels of BK and Aldo were found to be normal and identical in SHRs and WKYs. Tissue (intracellular) levels of BK were more than double in SHRs than in WKYs. Subsequently we examined the activity of 11b-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD) in both aortic and renal tissues of SHRs and WKYs. 11-HSD converts BK to the corresponding 11-keto compound, 11-dehydro-corticosterone (cpd.AK), which is inactive, in view of its inability to bind to the MC receptors (and also to the GC receptors). BK, the main glucocorticoid in the rat, as well as cortisol, have high affinity for the MC-receptor (MR). Normally BK or cortisol are present in 10²-10³ times greater concentrations than Aldo in tissues possessing MR. The enzyme 11-HSD deactivates BK (or cortisol), thus protecting MC-receptors in the MC target tissues from being activated by GC. When we examined arterial and renal tissue activities of 11-HSD in SHRs, the activity of 11-HSD was only one-third that found in the WKY rats. This explained higher levels of BK in the tissues of SHR, and suggested that decreased activity of 11-HSD is a pathogenetic factor for hypertension in SHRs.

Thus, in a model of primary hypertension such as SHR, decreased activity of 11-HSD in the target tissues of MC appears to lead to glucocorticoid-induced mineralocorticoid hypertension.